It may be caused by assault, stroke, road related accident, brain tumour, sporting activity, drug or alcohol abuse and medical misadventure. A brain injury may affect a person's everyday memory functions as well as their ability to concentrate. A person with a brain injury may lack motivation, become self-centred and have reduced tolerance to stress.

The effects of brain injury on an individual can be devastating as it may impact on their thinking, senses, appearance, physical ability and personality.

Adverse behaviours that develop after brain injury can seriously affect social and family relationships to such a degree that individuals often become socially isolated.